In several U.S. states, lawmakers are discussing new restrictions that could fundamentally reshape the long-standing norms of online privacy. Legislators in Wisconsin and Michigan are considering initiatives aimed at combating material deemed harmful to minors. Their attention is focused on adult-content websites as well as platforms where hate speech and other undesirable information may appear. Increasingly, these debates invoke the argument that protecting children requires not only age-based filters but also stricter control over the tools people use to access the internet.
Among these tools are VPN services. Against this backdrop, Wisconsin has introduced a bill requiring websites with explicit material not only to implement robust age-verification systems but also to block all users attempting to access the site through a VPN. The bill has already passed the lower chamber and is advancing through the Senate. If enacted, Wisconsin would become the first state in the U.S. to prohibit the use of VPNs for accessing such content.
Michigan is considering a proposal driven by similar logic, though the envisioned measures are even more severe. Internet providers could be tasked with detecting and blocking VPN connections at the network level. However, this bill remains stalled at an early stage and has yet to progress through the legislative process.
The Electronic Frontier Foundation has sharply criticized these initiatives. Representatives of the organization argue that restricting such services under the guise of child safety effectively forces people to surrender their privacy in exchange for access to lawful content. According to digital-rights advocates, these measures would impact everyone—from employees and students to journalists and individuals simply wishing to protect their personal data. The organization stresses that age-verification systems themselves create risk: they function poorly, require the transmission of sensitive information, and are easily bypassed, ultimately causing more harm than good.
Instead of imposing prohibitions, the EFF urges policymakers to focus on more constructive solutions: educating children about safe online behavior, improving parental-control tools, and addressing the root causes of online threats. In the organization’s view, eroding privacy and blocking technologies that safeguard vulnerable groups—including journalists, activists, and individuals facing harassment—will not meaningfully enhance the protection of minors.